Henkel1 department of biological sciences, humboldt state university, arcata, california 95521 m. The fungal group basidiomycota is best known for the production of large fruitbodies such as the mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, etc. The basidiomycota contains about 30,000 described species, which is 37% of the described species. Basidiomycota are found in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems, as well as freshwater and marine habitats kohlmeyer and kohlmeyer, 1979. Kingdom fungi the true fungi is a monophyletic group of eukaryotic heterotrophs that reproduce with spores and have chitinous cell walls. The class urediniomycetes includes the rust fungi, that. In this article we will discuss about the classification of phylum basidiomycota. Basidiomycetes basidia and basidiospores borne in basidiocarp. Basidiomycetes definition of basidiomycetes by medical. Basidiomycota are unicellular or multicellular, sexual or asexual, and terrestrial or aquatic. Frequently brightly coloured especially yellow and orange or white, the fungi occur on decaying wood after heavy rains in late summer. The class comprises the smuts, rusts, mushrooms, and puffballs. But the ascospores are borne endogenously in an ascus, whereas the basidiospores. Learn about the comparison between ascomycetes and basidiomycetes.
Excluding mycotoxins, there is only one human pathogen, the. What are the general characteristics of basidiomycetes. Basidiomycota form basidiosporesexternally on basidia. Basidiomycota are typically filamentous fungi composed of hyphae. But the ascospores are borne endogenously in an ascus, whereas. The classic mario mushroom based on amanita muscaria, the grocery store button mushroom and other varieties of agaricus bisporus, shiitakes, oyster mushrooms, and even the major magic. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Home about subregisters users photogallery documents lifewatch. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. However, the group also contains some microscopic fungi, including the important rust fungi and smut fungi that parasitise plants. Indeed, basidiomycota are so variable that it is impossible to identify any morphological characteristics that are both unique to the group and constant in the group. This phylum contains the fungi that people are most familiar with.
New species and distribution records of clavulina cantharellales, basidiomycota from the guiana shield terry w. The most diagnostic feature is the production of basidia sing. Characteristics of division basidiomycota fungus fact. Classification of orders based on basidium, basidiocarp morphology and basidiospore dispersal. Many basidiomycota obtain nutrition by decaying dead organic matter, including wood and leaf litter. Basidiomycota synonyms, basidiomycota pronunciation, basidiomycota translation, english dictionary definition of basidiomycota. A vast majority of species, including most mushroomforming species, form holobasidia. What are the main characteristics of phylum basidiomycota. Oomycota phylum is similar to chytridiomycota in that there are unicellular, short hyphal to mycelial members and in the latter mycelium is nonseptate except where reproductive structures occur.
Phylum basidiomycota includes mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, jelly fungi, rusts, smuts, and shelf fungi. Basidiomycota, a vast and complex group of fungi containing a large number of saprophytic wood decayers, litter decomposer, ectomycorrhizal, and parasitic fungi watkinson, 2008, was found to. Basidiomycota have a huge impact on human affairs and ecosystem functioning. Classification of phylum basidiomycota fungi biology. Zygomycota ascomycota basidiomycota flashcards quizlet. Basidiomycota phylum characterized by having meiospores called basidiospores that are formed on specialized cells, basidia sing. Basidiomycota is broken down into many different classes, orders, families, genus, and species. Aug 07, 2010 basidiomycota is a classification that describes a wide variety of organisms. Pdf classification of marine ascomycota, basidiomycota. Pdf in this paper, we provide a phylogenetic overview of basidiomycota and related phyla in relation to ten. Nov 29, 20 phylum basidiomycota accounts for about 35% of all described fungal species. Classification for kingdom plantae down to division basidiomycota.
Fungi belonging to phylum basidiomycota commonly are known as basidiomycetes. Both the ascospores and basidiospores are formed by karyogamy and meiosis. Phylum basidiomycota accounts for about 35% of all described fungal species. Many types of basidiomycota are edible, but some, like the amanita phalloides, can produce deadly toxins.
The phylum is divided into three subphyla, the pucciniomycotina rust fungi, the ustilaginomycotina smut fungi, the agaricomycotina, and two classes of uncertain taxonomic status incertae sedis, the wallemiomycetes and the. Edible mushrooms are good sources of protein by dry weight, indigestible fiber due to presence of chitin, some potential medicinal compounds, and add diversity to our omnivorous diet e. Basidiomycota comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium. Basidia are often grouped together on fruiting structures, such as mushrooms, puffballs, and bracket fungi. The visible part of the fungus is the sporocarp, the basidiocarp or basidiome. Previously the entire basidiomycota were called basidiomycetes, an invalid class level name coined in 1959 as a counterpart to the ascomycetes, when neither. Log files were checked for convergence and mixing in tracer v1. Introduction to the basidiomycota the basidiomycota are those organisms that produce sexual spores basidiospores on basidia often these are borne on distinctive basidiocarps or basidioma. Basidiomycota a phylum of fungi, formerly classified as a class basidiomycetes or a subdivision basidiomycotina. Cotylidia are described and an identification key is added. But the basidiomycetes produce basidia and basidiospores. Basidiomycota is one of two large divisions that, together with the ascomycota, constitute the. Basidiomycota definition of basidiomycota by the free. The diagnostic characteristics of the basidiomycetes are the presence of basidium bearing basidiospores, clamp connections and doliopore septa.
The class urediniomycetes includes the rust fungi, that cause rust diseases of plants, and symbiotic fungi that parasitise insects parasitising plants and form intricate fungal structures called fungal gardens. Basidiomycota is the monophyletic phylum that contains chlorophyllum molybdites along with many others. Once files have been uploaded to our system, change the order of your pdf documents. Introduction to the basidiomycota linkedin slideshare. It is estimated that there are about 30,000 species, and more species are being discovered all the time. Fungi imperfecti deuteromycota nonphylogenetic group of. Called club fungi after the shape of the basidium the reproductive structure looks like the club suit in playing cards. Home basidiomycota psilocybe ruiliensis facesoffungi number. Thus, basidiomycota play a significant role in the carbon cycle.
Important in decomposition of many tough materials pollen, chitin, keratin, etc. This media file is licensed under the creative commons. The basidiomycotina is the most diverse subphylum in the basidiomycota, and the taxa include common tree ears figure 8, jelly fungi figure 9, fairy clubs figure 10, bracket fungi figure 11, puffballs figure 12, gill mushrooms figure, and polypores figure 14. Differ from chytridiomycota in that cell wall component is usually cellulose and life cycles are always gametic. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae except for basidiomycota yeast and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized clubshaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores usually four. Pdf a sixgene phylogenetic overview of basidiomycota and allied. Classification of marine ascomycota, basidiomycota, blastocladiomycota and. Many of the basidiomycetes are the familiar larger fleshy fungi. In basidiomycota species of the cosmopolitan order tremellales, including those of the genus tremella 40 species, so called because they have jellylike fruiting bodies. Pdf the basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom fungi and is second in species numbers to the ascomycota. Start studying zygomycota ascomycota basidiomycota. This is a list of families in the phylum basidiomycota of kingdom fungi. Rearrange individual pages or entire files in the desired order.
Basidiomycotina basidiomycetes the club fungi basidiomycetes are characterised primarily by the sexual spores basidiospores being produced on a cell called a basidium. Phylum basidiomycota free download as powerpoint presentation. The basidiomycota are the second largest phyla of the fungi, containing 31515 species. These basidia are clubshaped, do not contain any septa, and usually produce four spores.
About the classification report about the classification download. The basidiomycota had traditionally been divided into 2 obsolete classes, the homobasidiomycetes including true mushrooms. Basidiomycetes are fairly a large group of fungi represented by about 1100 genera consisting of 16,000 species and classified under the subdivision basidiomycotina. However, some basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. The phylum typically has an extended dikaryophase in which the distribution of two nuclei to the daught. Before the formation of the basidium, in the last apical cell or in another dikaryotic cell, a clamp connection is formed. Two new species of aphyllophoroid fungi basidiomycota. Mycorrhizae the majority of ectomycorrhizae are found in the basidiomycota. This is the phylum that you are probably most familiar with because it contains fungi which are generally referred to as gilled fungi or gilled mushrooms. Basidiomycota wood decay fungi fungi in the basidiomycota are the primary source of lignin degradation in the world important both in natural ecosystems and wood inservice e. Basidiomycota, large and diverse phylum of fungi kingdom fungi that includes jelly and shelf fungi. However, the group also contains some microscopic fungi, including the important rust fungi and smut fungi that parasitise plants see biotrophic parasites, and some yeasts. Class agaricomycetes subphylum agaricomycotina, phylum basidiomycota, kingdom fungi. Basidiomycota is a classification that describes a wide variety of organisms.
Pdf notes, outline and divergence times of basidiomycota. The phylum typically has an extended dikaryophase in which the distribution of two nuclei to the daughter cells is facilitated by the formation of a clamp. Classification of marine ascomycota, basidiomycota, blastocladiomycota and chytridiomycota article pdf available in fungal diversity 731. The most familiar fungi are kitchen molds and mushrooms. Once you merge pdfs, you can send them directly to your email or download the file to our computer and view. World register of marine species basidiomycota worms. Fungi ii phyla ascomycota and basidiomycota biol110f20. The ascomycetes are characterized by the development of asci and ascospores.
Shield cantharellales, basidiomycota from the guiana new. Subphylum basidiomycotina has many important features in common with the ascomycotina. The basidiomycotina is the most diverse subphylum in the basidiomycota, and the taxa include common tree ears, jelly fungi, fairy clubs, toadstools, bracket fungi, puffballs, mushrooms, and polypores figures ft. Typically, they can be differentiated on the basis of their basidiocarps, which show great disparity in form. Fungi imperfecti deuteromycota nonphylogenetic group.
Sexual reproduction is by means of basidiospores produced externally on a clubshaped or cylindrical basidium. Anyway, there are 5 phylum of fungi mainly broken down by the way they reproduce. Notes, outline and divergence times of basidiomycota springerlink. Ascomycota, basidiomycota, glomeromycota, deutromycota. Typically, they can be differentiated on the basis of. The mushrooms and toadstools with which mycology started, the rusts and smuts, which have been devastating crops since recorded history, the shelf and bracket fungi that lie attached to the trees sapping their vitality, and all belong to basidiomycota. Basidiomycota typically form symbiotic relationships with other organisms, including termites, woodwasps and bark beetles, according to the tree of life web project. Basidiomycotina basidiomycetes the club fungi basidiomycetes are characterised primarily by the sexual spores basidiospores being produced on a cell called a basidium, usually in fours. Pdf merge combine pdf files free tool to merge pdf online. Study fungi phyla flashcards at proprofs fungi phyla. The basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom fungi and. Introduction and general morphology the fourth, and final, division in the kingdom fungi that we will cover is the phylum basidiomycota fig. Resolution of deep divergence of club fungi phylum basidiomycota. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae except for basidiomycotayeast and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized clubshaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores usually four.